Dead Russian soldier, 1941, Finland Archives, public domain courtesy of Wikimedia.

The New York Times reports:

The study, published on Tuesday by the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, said that nearly 1.2 million Russian troops and close to 600,000 Ukrainian troops had been killed or wounded or were missing. That would put the overall casualty figure for both countries combined at almost 1.8 million.

For the entirety of the war, casualty figures have been difficult to ascertain because Russia is believed to routinely undercount its dead and injured, and Ukraine does not disclose official figures. The study relied on American and British government estimates, among other sources.

The figures present a grim accounting of Russia’s anemic progress in Ukraine, with Russian troops proceeding in some places at around 50 to 230 feet a day.

Since January 2024, Russia has seized 1.5 percent of Ukrainian territory, according to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and occupies about 20 percent of the country.

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Meanwhile, the death toll continues to climb. The center put the number of Russian troop deaths at close to 325,000 since President Vladimir V. Putin ordered the invasion in February 2022.

“No major power has suffered anywhere near these numbers of casualties or fatalities since World War II,” the study said.

There were roughly 415,000 Russian deaths and injuries in 2025 alone, with an average of nearly 35,000 per month. Last week, President Trump said that nearly 26,000 soldiers were dying in Ukraine every month.

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